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Monday, September 29, 2008

Medicinal Powers of Yoga



Medical research accumulating over the past 10 to 15 years is showing that yoga can provide a range of health benefits. It's not a cure-all, but there's relatively little that it can't help.

Krystal World



Improves Balance


Balance becomes particularly important as we age; falls are a leading cause of hip fractures, an injury that can be hard to recover from for older, frail adults. Practicing positions such as the tree pose, in which you place the sole of your foot against your other leg's thigh, can improve your balance. Research out of Temple University this year also shows that Iyengar yoga can help women over 65 increase their confidence in walking and balance.


Krystal World

Relieves Pain

Studies have found that yoga poses and meditation can reduce the amount of pain associated with arthritis, back pain, fibromyalgia and carpal tunnel syndrome, among other conditions. Recent research out of Group Health Cooperative's Center for Health Studies also has shown that yoga appears to be more effective for relieving low back pain than conventional exercise.

Krystal World

Improves Bowel Function

Along with its ability to relieve stress and improve posture, many yoga poses can help move food and waste products through the bowels, improving their ability to function. Bringing more yogic awareness to the way you eat can help you slow down and swallow less air, which can worsen gas and bloating.

Krystal World

Better Lung Capacity

Regular yoga practice will improve your posture, preventing your lower ribs from pushing into your abdomen and limiting the amount of air you inhale. It will also help you learn to use your abdominal muscles to exhale more fully, allowing you to take in more air on the following breath. Beyond helping people with asthma, research from Khon Kaen University in Thailand has shown that even short-term yoga exercise can improve the breathing capacity of those who are young and healthy.

Krystal World

Promotes Weight Loss

Studies have shown that those who begin to regularly practice yoga, particularly the overweight, tend to lose weight. Research also shows that it may help people between the ages of 45 to 55 from gaining as much weight--a common problem due to the group's declining energy needs and failure to adjust its caloric intake.

Krystal World

Improves Psychological Health

Several studies have shown that yoga can improve measures of psychological health, such as mood and self-esteem. Research found that practicing yoga may elevate levels of the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. Since low levels are associated with depression and anxiety, the findings indicate yoga may be a possible treatment option for mental illnesses.

Krystal World

Helps Cholesterol Levels

A number of studies are showing that yoga can lower the levels of blood fats, such as low-density lipoprotein, known as bad cholesterol. The mechanism may be connected to yoga's effect on stress, which can boost cholesterol levels and worsen the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol.

Krystal World

Strengthens Bones

Many yoga poses involve weight-bearing actions, which strengthen bones and can help prevent osteoporosis. Some examples include standing poses that put weight on the legs or arm balances that place weight on the wrists. Unpublished research out of California State University, Los Angeles, found that standing poses increased the bone density in the vertebrae of women ages 18 to 65, compared with controls who performed their normal physical activity.

Krystal World

Improves Cancer Patients' Quality of Life

Researchers have shown that breast cancer patients who perform yoga during treatment can improve the quality of their lives, compared with patients who skip the practice. After just one week of yoga and radiation, patients in the study reported changes in their ability to function socially, lower levels of daytime sleep and lower levels of overall fatigue.

Krystal World

Lowers Need For Medication

Studies have shown that yoga can help some people with asthma, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and other conditions to lower the amount of medications they're taking or eliminate their need for them.

Krystal World

Improves Menopausal Symptoms

A survey by the Yoga Biomedical Trust about the health benefits of yoga showed that of 317 people reporting menopausal disorders, 83% said yoga appeared to help. Many yogis, as well as a growing number of people in the medical community, believe that stress can influence the severity of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes and mood swings. Yoga poses and meditation has been shown to be useful in minimizing the effects of stress.

Krystal World

 

 

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Friday, September 26, 2008

Honey, used in tea or hot water

OTTAWA (AFP) - Honey, used in tea or hot water in Canada for
generations to soothe sore throats, could soon be substituted for
antibiotics in fighting stubborn ear, nose and throat infections,
according to a new study.
Ottawa University doctors found in tests that ordinary honey kills
bacteria that cause sinus infections, and does it better in most cases
than antibiotics.
"It's astonishing," researcher Joseph Marson said of bees' unexplained
ability to combine the nectar of flowers into a seemingly potent
medicine.
The preliminary tests were conducted in laboratory dishes, not in live
patients, but included the "superbug" methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA, which is highly resistant to
antibiotics.
In upcoming human trials, a "honey rinse" would be used to "flush out
the goo from sinus cavities," said Marson in an interview with AFP.
The researchers have so far tested manuka honey from New Zealand, and
sidr honey from Yemen.
The two killed all floating bacteria in liquid, and 63-91 percent of
biofilms -- microorganisms that sometimes form a protective layer in
sinus cavities, urinary tracts, catheters, and heart valves,
protecting bacteria from normal drug treatments and often leading to
chronic infections.
The most effective antibiotic, rifampin, killed just 18 percent of the
biofilm samples in the tests.
"As of today, nobody is sure what in the honey kills the bacteria,"
Marson said, noting that "not all honeys have the same potency" and
calling for more research to determine the mechanism behind the
healing.
Canada's clover and buckwheat honey did not work at all.
Previous studies have shown honey's healing properties on infected wounds.
The results of the study were presented this week at the annual
meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck
Surgery, in Chica

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Tuesday, September 9, 2008

[Ways2Insurance] Now, register for a free terrorism cover

For full article Click Here 

MUMBAI: IN the wake of rising terrorist threats across the country, click2insure.in — a portal launched by Optima Insurance Brokers in alliance with New India Assurance Company, a leading public sector non-life insurance provider — is offering a terrorism cover free of cost. 

   


Eddie Izzard  - "Never put a sock in a toaster."


--
Posted By Ways2live to Ways2Insurance at 9/09/2008 07:43:00 PM



--
Akbar Jiwani
9867700066
9323500008
Clifford Stoll  - "The Internet is a telephone system that's gotten uppity."

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5 AILMENTS THAT ARE KILLING MUMBAI

What Can You Do To Ward Off Cardiac Diseases, TB, HIV/AIDS, Renal Failure And Cancer? TOI Speaks To Doctors


KILLER NO 1: HEART ATTACK TOLL between 2004 and 2006 in Mumbai's hospitals: 37,193 
    It is an established medical fact that Indians are genetically more prone to heart diseases. What is worrying doctors is that Indians — especially those in urban hubs like Mumbai — are getting it at a younger age. It is also presumed that a worringly high 9 per cent to 11 per cent of persons above the age of 45 in urban India have heart disease. 
DOCTORSPEAK 

    Avast majority of patients who get admitted to the intensive care units of hospitals with acute heart attacks are totally asymptomatic. Most of them say they were healthy till the day before their heart attack. Some even mention that they have competed in a marathon or two or climbed 10 flights of stairs without gasping for breath. Yet, suddenly, they collapse. 
    It is now known that if a person has over 70 per cent obstruction of blood flow, then s/he will experience pain or symptoms. 
    But, in these patients, there is a sudden rupture of this plaque (the obstruction) that leads to a clot formation and the obstruction becomes 100 per cent, leading to a sudden heart attack. There is no way to detect such obstruction on a mass-screening basis as the tests are invasive and expensive. But what Mumbaikars can do is undergo a health check-up once every year after they are 35. 
    People who have at least two risk factors for heart diseases (among smoking, hypertension, diabetes) should be more vigilant. 
Ashwin Mehta | HEAD OF CARDIOLOGY 
DEPARTMENT OF JASLOK HOSPITAL 

KILLER NO 2: TUBERCULOSIS 
TOLL between 2004 and 2006 in Mumbai's hospitals: 26,951 
    It is estimated that 2 million cases of tuberculosis are reported in India every year. India also accounts for around 30 per cent of the world's cases. What has been worrying Mumbai's doctors is the changing form of the disease: tuberculosis of various organs (like bone and spine) has increased phenonomenally in the last few years. There also is evidence that Mumbai is home to many patients with MDR (multi drug-resistant) and XDR (extremely drug-resistant) forms of tuberculosis. 
DOCTORSPEAK 

    India has the maximum number of patients suffering from tuberculosis and so it does not exactly come as a surprise that it is a leading killer in the city as well. 
    Besides, with so much filth in the city and because of the fact that twothirds of Mumbaikars stay in slums and a huge number travels by crowded trains, it is even less surprising that tuberculosis is so rampant in Mumbai. 
    When a tuberculosis patient coughs, s/he releases over 300 million bacilli in one go. People around inhale the germs, becoming susceptible to the disease. Air pollution is going up. The concentration of dust is going up, construction work is on; all these are good mediums for the tuberculosis germs to spread. It is not surprising that the, too, rich are no longer immune to it. It is time people stopped depending on the administration and took it upon themselves to clean up their surroundings. 
Rohini Chowghule | CHEST PHYSICIAN AT 
BOMBAY HOSPITAL 
KILLER NO 3: CANCER 
TOLL between 2004 and 2006 in Mumbai's hospitals: 18,107 

    Cancer cases in India are likely to go up by 50 per cent by 2020, say studies. Mumbai, with its stress-ridden lifestyle, dietary changes and substance abuse (tobacco), is not going to fare any differently. 
DOCTORSPEAK 

    Cancer is the second leading cause of death across the world. If it is among the top five killers in Mumbai then it is a reflection of our rapidly urbanising society. Cancers are also related to lifestyle reasons. 
It is now a well-known medical fact that factors like smoking, poor dietary habits and obesity increase the probability of the disease. 
There are two important lessons for Mumbaikars; first, Mumbaikars should look at preventive steps like lifestyle changes (cutting down smoking) that can reduce the chances of getting cancer by 25 per cent; second, massscreening programmes are not the answer to beat cancer. 
We need to focus on cancer awareness. If people can recognise the symptoms, then they have a better chance at treatment and life. 
When a Hollywood actor spoke about undergoing a colonoscopy on TV, it resulted in massive awareness about colon cancer. As a result, over the years, the US has registered a drop in number of colon cancer cases. 
P Jagannath | CANCER SURGEON FROM LILAVATI 
HOSPITAL 

KILLER NO 4: KIDNEY FAILURE 
TOLL between 2004 and 2006 in Mumbai's hospitals: 6,533 
    Kidneys have become synonymous with rackets but the disease is among the fastest-growing ones in the country. India is the diabetes capital of the world and the incidence of kidney diseases is also likely to rise. It is estimated that 150-200 in every 10 lakh suffer from end-stage renal disease. 
DOCTORSPEAK 

    There is an increasing trend of lifestyle diseases like blood pressure and diabetes. Kidney failure is an effect of these diseases. As there are more cases of diabetes and hypertension, there is a higher incidence of kidney failure. 
    Moreover, there is not a single item that is not adulterated. Be it water, milk, fruits or masalas, everything has a percentage of adulteration. Some of these materials are metallic and poisonous. 
    As all of these elements pass through the kidney (which is an organ that removes toxicity in blood), there is bound to be an effect on the organ. What can people do to stay healthy? They should not become obese and should eat good food and drink enough water. 
Vatsala Trivedi | HEAD OF THE ZONAL TRANSPLANT COORDINATION CENTRE FOR KIDNEY 
TRANSPLANTS 
    
KILLER NO 5: 
    HIV/AIDS 
TOLL between 2004 and 2006 in Mumbai's hospitals: 3,826 It is often said that Mumbai exports HIV/AIDS to the rest of the country. The migrant labourer is supposed to be the most vulnerable to this sexually transmitted disease, which cripples the immune system. In Mumbai, the incidence of the disease is low (less than 1 per cent) in the general population but it is a whopping 42 per cent among commercial sex workers. 
DOCTORSPEAK 

    Since Mumbai has 74 HIV/AIDS-testing centres, people who have indulged in high-risk behaviour can walk in any time for a test. Even if a person tests positive for the virus, he or she can avail of free medicines and free treatment for opportunistic ailments for up to Rs 3 lakh. 
    There are two things that people can do to prevent the spead of this disease: first, adopt means to prevent the disease (use a condom, for instance); second, don't take medicines from quacks who promise a cure. It must be remembered that HIV/AIDS was the number one killer a decade back. 
    But, due to awareness, it became the number 10 killer (nationally) last year. 
Harish Pathak | JOINT DIRECTOR, MUMBAI 
DISTRICT AIDS CONTROL SOCIETY

THE WORST 10 
These 10 diseases have been responsible for the maximum number of deaths in BMC- and state-run hospitals in Mumbai between 2006 and 2008




Clifford Stoll  - "The Internet is a telephone system that's gotten uppity."

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Sunday, September 7, 2008

wellness WATCH

Achilles' HEEL

You may need to check whether high heels are right for you

A COLLEAGUE recently narrated an interesting tale about how her doctor had traced high heels as the reason behind her back pain. Now, most of us know that stilettos and style make most women go tip-toe and maintaining equilibrium with elan is more of an art than science for them. But before you shop for that show-stealer pair, do you spare a thought for the hazards of high heels? 

    Let's understand why your style statement may come at a high price? In fact, doctors feel that the current craze for superhigh heels with very narrow toes create problems for the feet. Round-toes shoes with five or even seven-inch heels, in vogue now, are hardly better. As for the popular thongs — they expose feet and cause frequent accidents. They suggest that the best shoes for healthy feet mimic the foot's natural shape, while offering support to the arch and a flexible sole underneath the toes. 
    Says Dr Sanjay Swarup, senior consultant, orthopaedics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital & Max Healthcare: "There are some major health problems with high heels. First, owing to the position 
of the feet, the big toe starts deviating outside. This condition is called Hallux Valgux and leads to the formation of bunions — a swelling and redness at the base of the toe." According to Dr Swarup, the second problem pencil-heels can lead to relates pain in the heels. Since the body weight is transferred to a small surface area, the heels get stiff, causing constant pain in the heels. And third, if you stand or walk for a long time wearing high heels, there are definite chances of getting low back or neck pain or even disc prolapse in a severe case. This happens because a woman wearing high heels tends to bend backwards to maintain the centre of gravity. This long wrong posture maintained for long hours can lead to back pain. Also, high heels can lead to calf muscle and knee joint pains, making the wearer more prone to spraining an ankle, Dr Swarup adds. 
    There are other reasons as well. An elevated heel lifts the foot out of its natural position and shortens the 
Achilles' tendon. Such shoes also 
pitch the weight of the body forward disproportionately onto the ball of the foot, which in turn upsets the stabilising mechanism of the foot. Besides, fashionable shoes that try to convert the foot into an ideal form, with the toes narrowed or tapered to a point, often require cramming the foot into less space than it would normally occupy. These can impede the foot's mechanical function by limiting toe and ankle flexibility. 

    Regular tight shoes put pressure on nerves and even damage them, and also contribute in the long run to arthritis, say doctors. In the worst case, they add, tight shoes can also produce foot deformities. 
    That's said, experts say all this is relative. Women who are strong and exercise regularly often don't have any complications, although they acknowledge that pencil heels, due to their awkward shape, can cause stress to the leg, heels and back muscles. 
    So what's to be done? At a time when fashion is getting to dizzy heights, it's obvious that sheer health rhetoric won't work. But paying attention to what's best for an individual may go a long way in removing the odd problems. Dr Swarup advises that women should choose the right shoes for their feet type and their activity. For instance, women with 

high arches may need more cushioning, and people with relatively flat feet may need more arch support. 
    So, the next time you jump suddenly from stilettos to flats, or from daily flip-flops to high heels, don't forget that the best way to allow your tissues to adapt is to make no rapid changes. Changes in footwear and training should always be gradual — evolutionary, not revolutionary, say experts. 

PRECARIOUSLY BALANCED 

If you stand or walk for a long time wearing high heels, there are definite chances of getting low back or neck pain. This happens because a woman wearing high heels tends to bend backwards to maintain the centre of gravity. If stretched for long hours, this wrong posture can lead to back pain 

Owing to the position of the feet when wearing high heels, the big toe starts deviating outside. This leads to the formation of a bunion, which is swelling and redness at the base of the toe 
Since the body weight is transferred to a small surface area, the heel gets stiff, causing constant pain in the heels




A. P. Herbert  - "A high-brow is someone who looks at a sausage and thinks of Picasso."

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Thursday, September 4, 2008

INFORM ALL YOUR FRIENDS & FAMILY MEMBERS

Please Read Very Carefully - INFORM ALL YOUR FRIENDS & FAMILY MEMBERS . 

India has become a dumping ground for banned drugs;also the business for production of banned drugs is booming. Plz make sure that u buy drugs only if prescribed by a doctor (Also, ask which company manufactures it, this would help to ensure that u get what is prescribed at the Drug Store) and that also from a reputed drug store. Not many people know about these banned drugs and consume them causing a lot of damage to themselves. We forward Jokes and other junk all the time. This is far more important. 

Please Make sure uforward it everyone u know.



DANGEROUS DRUGS HAVE BEEN GLOBALLY DISCARDED BUT ARE AVAILABLE IN INDIA . The most common ones are 
D cold, action 500 & Nimulid. 


ANALGIN:
 
This is a pain-killer. Reason for ban: Bone marrow depression.
 
Brand name
 : Novalgin 
___________________________________________________________ 
CISAPRIDE:

Acidity, constipation.
 Reason for ban : irregular heartbeat 
Brand name
 : Ciza, Syspride 
____________________________________________________________ 
DROPERIDOL:

Anti-depressant. Reason for ban : Irregular heartbeat. 
Brand name :
 Droperol 
______________________________________________________________ 
FURAZOLIDONE:

Antidiarrhoeal.. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name :
 
Furoxone, Lomofen 


_____________________________________________________________ 
NIMESULIDE:
 
Painkiller, fever. Reason for ban : Liver failure. 
Brand name
 
Nise, Nimulid 
________________________________________________________________________ 

NITROFURAZONE: 

Antibacterial cream.
 

Reason for ban :
 

Cancer.. 
Brand name :
 
Furacin 
________________________________________________________________________ 

PHENOLPHTHALEIN:
 
Laxative.
 Reason for ban : Cancer. 
Brand name : 
Agarol 
________________________________________________________________________ 
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE:
 
cold and cough. Reason for ban : stroke.
Brand name : 
D'cold, Vicks Action-500 
________________________________________________________________________ 
OXYPHENBUTAZONE: 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Reason for ban : Bone marrow depression. 
Brand name : 
Sioril 
_______________________________________________________________________ 
PIPERAZINE:
 
Anti-worms.
 Reason for ban : Nerve damage. 
Brand name :
 
Piperazine 
________________________________________________________________________ 
QUINIODOCHLOR:

Anti-diarrhoeal. Reason for ban : Damage to sight.
Brand name : 
Enteroquinol
 


-- 

Dr. Kaiser Jamil
Research Director
Indo American Cancer Institute & Research Centre
Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, A.P. India

--
Akbar Jiwani
9867700066
9323500008
Adrienne Gusoff  - "Opportunity knocked. My doorman threw him out."

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Wednesday, September 3, 2008

Almost half in U.S. will get knee arthritis: study

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Nearly half of U.S. adults will develop painful arthritis of the knee, a leading cause of disability, and hospitalizations for the condition are soaring, researchers reported on Wednesday.

During their lifetimes, an estimated 45 percent of Americans will develop knee osteoarthritis, a common kind of arthritis that wears away cartilage cushioning the knee joint, according to a study in the journal Arthritis Care & Research.

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and University of North Carolina researchers based the findings on data from 3,068 people age 45 and older in North Carolina.

Obese people had a higher risk, with the extra weight putting additional stress on the knee joint. While 35 percent of normal-weight people got osteoarthritis of the knee, 65 percent of obese people developed it, along with 44 percent of overweight people, the researchers said.

"Simply put, people who keep their weight within the normal range are much less likely to develop symptomatic knee osteoarthritis as they get older, and thus much less likely to face the need for major surgical procedures such as knee replacement surgery," Dr. Joanne Jordan of the University of North Carolina, one of the researchers, said in a statement.

There were no significant differences in risk associated with sex, race or education level, the researchers said.

The people in the study were interviewed and were given an exam that included X-ray images of their knees.

In addition, a report by an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services showed that hospitalizations due to osteoarthritis rose to 735,000 in 2006 from 322,000 in 1993, mostly due to an increase in knee replacement operations.

From 2000 to 2006, knee replacement surgery rates rose 65 percent, while hip replacement surgery rates rose 21 percent, according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, is the most common type of arthritis. It can affect any joint but most often affects the hands, hips, knees and spine.

It worsens over time and there is no cure. The pain can be disabling and doctors may recommend joint replacement surgery.

(Reporting by Will Dunham; Editing by Maggie Fox and John O'Callaghan)

John Belushi  - "I owe it all to little chocolate donuts."

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Monday, September 1, 2008

Learning About Heart Failure


heart failure

Learning to live with heart failure may be easier if you understand what's happening inside the body. This section explains what happens when someone develops heart failure.

Heart failure can involve the heart's left side, right side or both sides. However, it usually affects the left side first. Each side is made up of two chambers: the atrium, or upper chamber; and the ventricle, or lower chamber. The atrium receives blood into the heart, and the ventricle pumps it where it needs to go. Heart failure occurs when any of these chambers lose their ability to keep up with the amount of blood flow.

What is left-sided heart failure?

Left-sided or left ventricular (LV) heart failure involves the heart's left ventricle (lower chamber). Oxygen-rich blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then on to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body. Because this chamber supplies most of the heart's pumping power, it's larger than the others and essential for normal function.

If the left ventricle loses its ability to contract normally (called systolic failure), the heart can't pump with enough force to push enough blood into circulation. If the ventricle loses its ability to relax normally (diastolic failure) because the muscle has become stiff, the heart can't properly fill with blood during the resting period between each beat. This is an important distinction because the drug treatments for each type of failure are different.

In either case, blood coming into the left chamber from the lungs may "back up," causing fluid to leak into the lungs. (The technical term for this is pulmonary edema.) Also, as the heart's ability to pump decreases, blood flow slows down, causing fluid to build up in tissues throughout the body (edema). This excess fluid or congestion explains the term congestive heart failure, which you've probably heard before.

What is right-sided heart failure?

The right atrium receives the "used" blood that returns to the heart through the veins; then the right ventricle pumps it into the lungs to be replenished with oxygen. Right-sided or right ventricular (RV) heart failure usually occurs as a result of left-sided failure. When the left ventricle fails, increased fluid pressure is, in effect, transferred back through the lungs, ultimately damaging the heart's right side. When the right side loses pumping power, blood backs up in the body's veins. This usually causes swelling in the legs and ankles.

heart blood flow

How quickly does heart failure develop?

Heart failure is usually a chronic disease. That means it's a long-term condition that tends to gradually become worse. By the time someone is diagnosed, chances are that the heart has been losing pumping capacity little by little for quite a while. At first the heart tries to make up for this by:
  • Enlarging. When the heart chamber enlarges, it stretches more and can contract more strongly, so it pumps more blood.
  • Developing more muscle mass. The increase in muscle mass occurs because the contracting cells of the heart get bigger. This lets the heart pump more strongly, at least initially.
  • Pumping faster. This helps to increase the heart's output.
The body also tries to compensate in other ways. The blood vessels narrow to keep blood pressure up, trying to make up for the heart's loss of power. The body diverts blood away from less important tissues and organs to maintain flow to the most vital organs, the heart and brain. These temporary measures mask the problem of heart failure, but they don't solve it. This helps explain why some people may not become aware of their condition until years after their heart begins its decline. (It's also a good reason to have a regular checkup with your doctor.) Eventually the heart and body just can't keep up, and the person experiences the fatigue, breathing problems or other symptoms that usually prompt a trip to the doctor.

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A genetic way to live 125 years

Imagine living to a healthy 125 years. Well, your imagination might someday turn into reality, thanks to scientists who have made a genetic breakthrough that they claim can prolong human life and remove cancer threat.

A team at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre in Madrid has based its conclusion on tests on rodents, which made them live nearly 45 per cent longer and also left them free from tumours.

According to the scientists, if the experiments on the mice can be replicated in people, human lifespan could also be extended as the genes involved exist naturally in both rodents and humans and perform similar roles.

"The elixir of eternal youth is now not a utopian dream. The discovery opens the door to (the possibility) that humans could live 125 years and without cancer," the Daily Mail quoted lead scientist Maria Blasco as saying.

In fact, the scientists achieved their results by inserting an extra copy of three genes—called telomerase, p53 and p16, already known to be important for longevity and suppressing tumours— into the stem cells of mice.

Inserting an extra copy improved their function in the body because they produced more protein, which made them more active.

This in turn helped telomerase to protect chromosomes from shrinking, a process which normally happens naturally as all living creatures age.

And it means p53 and p16 work to prevent cells from mutating and dividing, and therefore preventing cancer, while producing a good balance of new, healthy cells—the method is "groundbreaking" as the team managed to get extra copies of both the genes into the mice.

The modified mice were allowed to breed to strengthen their new DNA pattern, which created a group of "supermice" with longer lifespans and in-built cancer protection.

"When activating p53 and p16 in mice, the incidence of cancer is reduced to practically zero. We don't think the mice lived longer because they had less cancer but because these genes also protected against ageing," co-scientist Manuel Serrano said. The mice are expected to live up to four-and-a-half years though normally their average lifespan is three years. "This is the equivalent of humans living to 125," according to the scientists.



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