Soon, 3D tech to help grow organs

3D-Printed Sugar Network Can Create Artificial Flesh With Blood Vessels London: Scientists claim to have moved a step closer to developing lab-grown meat using a new 3D printing technique which they say could also be used to create working artificial organs for transplant in the future.      Bioengineers can already make 2D structures out of tissue — but attempts to make organs or larger piece of meat usually lead to sludge. Now, a team from the University of Pennsylvania and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that 3D printing "templates" of sugar and growing meat over them can create living artificial "organs" with blood vessels.      The new technique, detailed in journal Nature Materials, works by printing organs "inside out" so that the blood vessels are printed first, then flesh is grown around them.      "Sometimes the simplest solutions come from going back to basics," study researcher Dr Jordan Miller was quoted as saying by the Daily Mail. "I got the first hint when I visited a Body Worlds exhibit, where you can see plastic casts of free-standing, whole organ vasculature," he said.      The rapid casting technique hinged on the researchers developing a material that is rigid enough to exist as a 3D network of cylindrical filaments but which can also dissolve in water without toxic effects on cells. After much testing, they found the perfect mix of material properties in sugar.      "Since there's no single type of gel that's going to be optimal for every kind of engineered tissue, we also wanted to develop a sugar formula that would be broadly compatible with any cell type or water-based gel," Miller said.      The whole process is quick and inexpensive, allowing the researchers to switch with ease between computer simulations and physical models of multiple vascular configurations.      The researchers found human blood vessel cells injected throughout the vascular networks spontaneously generated new capillary sprouts to increase the network's reach, much in the way blood vessels in the body naturally grow. They then created gels containing primary liver cells to test if their technique could improve their function.      When researchers pumped nutrient-rich media through the gel's template-fashioned vascular system, the liver cells boosted their production of albumin and urea, natural components of blood and urine, respectively, which are important measures of liver-cell function and health. PTI HOPE FOR TRANSPLANT PATIENTS